Checks and Balances Essay - 636 Words

Ben Favorite POL 101 American Government J. M. Pullen 3/15/12 Checks and Balances In late 2011 President Obama sent troops to Libya to aid in the search for Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, and he did so without congressional approval. Under the War Powers Resolution the President has 60 days (in some cases 90 days) to acquire permission from congress for the mission to continue. However when Mr. Obama passed the 60 day deadline without congressional approval, the question was posed, â€Å"Does President Obama have the authority to bypass the War Powers Resolution and have the troop remain in Libya?† the short answer is no he does not. I do believe President Obama was in fact overstepping his bounds for several reasons, first I believe in the†¦show more content†¦Therefore the very act of being in Libya with the allied forces, whether we were staring down the sights of an M4 at them or firing rockets from drones, we were in opposition to the Libyan military, and thus involved in hostilities. The Obama administration’s argument th at our level of involvement did not qualify as the hostilities referred to in the War Powers resolution is not valid. Based on the definition of hostilities, we were definitely within the parameters of the War Powers Resolution. That makes Presidents Obama’s decision to ignore the 60 day limit a huge violation of the War Powers Act. Finally, on several instances the Obama administration ensured congress that the U.S was stepping down as the leader of the coalition forces and that we would be playing a much smaller role in the operation. While we did step down from the leadership, the U.S. continued to deploy the most supplies and weapons, particularly predator missiles, and large numbers of remote controlled drones. While trying to convince congress that we were stepping down to a non- hostile role we were still being as hostile as we could be, apart from kicking down Qaddafi’s door ourselves. I’m sure misleading congress to bypass a law is definitely oversteppi ng the bounds of the President’s authority. In conclusion I believe President Obama has clearly overstepped his bounds and authority in this situation. Not only by ignoring the mandated deadlines setShow MoreRelatedChecks and Balances678 Words   |  3 PagesCivilization. Checks and balances The Constitution separates the power of government into three branches: the legislative power is vested in the Congress, the executive power rests with the President and his bureaucracy and the judicial power is granted to the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Whereas each branch of government has separate and particular powers as listed in the Constitution, each branch is also given the power, duty and ability to control and balance the other(s) in a systemRead MoreChecks and Balances1128 Words   |  5 Pages Checks and Balances. Checks and balances is a system that is a part of out U.S. Constitution. 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The designed system of Checks and Balances is very open yet complex. For example, if the President executive is not fulfilling his responsibilities as a leader or behaving inappropriately, the LegislativeRead MoreChecks And Balances Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesCreating checks and balances in the United States (US) Government was a goal achieved by dividing power into three governmental branches; legislative branch (Congress), executive branch (Presidency), and a judiciary branch. The power flows from the Judicial Branch to both Congress and Presidency and back again from both branches. The power also flows back and forth between Congress and the Presidency. According to Founder James Madison, they h ad to â€Å"enable the government to control the governed,Read MoreSystem Of Checks And Balances1114 Words   |  5 Pagesby one branch that could ultimately lead to an authoritarian regime. In order to do this, the drafters of the Constitution implemented a system of checks and balances in nearly all aspects of the new republics government. One of these checks and balances was the distribution of foreign policy power between Congress and the President. This balance of power would be an important deterrent to one branch of the government abusing its power which could result in catastrophic decisions such as draggingRead MoreChecks and Balances Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesChecks and Balances The doctrine of separation of powers developed over many centuries. This practice doctrine can be traced to the British Parliaments gradual assertion of power and resistance to royal decrees during the 14th century. Political theorist, John Locke wrote about the concept of separation of powers in his Second Treatise of Government (1690). In the United States, the separation of powers is a fundamental constitutional principle. The framers of this Constitution saw theRead MoreSeparation of Powers and Checks and Balances654 Words   |  3 PagesThere are both similarities and differences, when referring to checks and balances and separation of powers. Both have to do with the Government. But separation of powers is a model of government in which different parts of the government are in charge of different tasks; in the United States, these parts are known as the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Checks and balances is a means of trying to ensure that these three parts of gover nment stay equal, and that one does not try to take over

How Technology Can Interfere With A Human s Health And...

â€Å"Like a hummingbird in an endless meadow of flowers† (Gregory M. Lamb), this is describing a mind being engaged in the internet. With the technology world advancing constantly, one thing is on society’s mind; â€Å"Am I up to date with my device?† Once they realize they may be out of touch of what’s going on, they start to spend their money on what they don’t need. There comes a point when technology gets extravagant and becomes a negative force when it impacts human development. A tremendous amount of technology can interfere with a human’s health and development. For example, â€Å"There’s no question that we feel the internet has made us better researchers, better thinkers, better writers.† (iPads) This means that technology has made society enhance on basic skills that apply to life. This occurs when students are at school or when adults have a job. The significance of this situation is that technology can be valuable a nd is a resource that people can utilize, making brains develop in a different way. However, there are negative affects about technology like, rewiring the brain that creates health issues. For example, in Fahrenheit 451 when Montag attempts to talk to Mildred, â€Å"His wife in the TV parlor paused long enough from reading her script to look up...† (17) The fact that Mildred didn’t remember anything after she overdosed and had to have her stomach pumped is an obvious problem. She thinks that she was just drinking too much, but it’s because in the society of FahrenheitShow MoreRelatedIs Entertainment Technology Beneficial?902 Words   |  4 PagesIs entertainment technology beneficial to infants from birth to the age of two? Entertainment technology is the discipline of using manufactured or created components to enhance or make possible in any sort of entertainment experience(dictionary.com). 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Without them nurses, doctors, therapists, dieticians, nutritionists, to name a few, would be without a job. An organization needs to do everything possible to keep patients safe and reduce error. For example, if a patient goes to a hospital to get treatment and the staff

Movie Summary Dr. Strangelove Essay Example For Students

Movie Summary Dr. Strangelove Essay The movie Dr. Strangelove is a satirical comedy, produced by Stanley Kubrick, made to make fun of the Cold War and how we were almost on the brink of destruction with the nuclear arms race. The movie portrays how gender roles are portrayed, stereotypical views of the time, and how deterrence would not work in a real life situation. Stereotypical views are made at Russians and how they act while the gender roles are portrayed more subtly by various characters and actions shown throughout the movie and the link between the movie and what was actually happening during the cold war. In the movie Dr. Strangelove the Russians in the film, Dimitri Kissov the Soviet Premier and Alexi de Sadesky the Soviet Ambassador, are portrayed as drunk communist spies trying to bring the destruction of the Americans. The Dunk notion comes to mind when Ambassador Alexi de Sadesky told President Merkin Muffley that the Soviet Premier is a person who likes to party as shown when the president initially starts the conversation he claims to have heard music laying in the background which shows that the premier was having a party in his office. The second way that Russians are portrayed as is communist spies. This was shown when General Buck Turgidson pulled a device used to take pictures of â€Å"the big board† in the war room. This was also shown later as the ambassador pulled another camera to take pictures successfully. The last way the Russians are stereotyped as people who love sex. This was shown as Ambassador Alexi de Sadesky said, â€Å"I must confess, you have an astonishingly good idea there, Doctor. † to Dr. Strangelove’s ratio of 10:1 female to male if they were to live underground. The gender role of men and women are shown as men being the strong ones while the women are treated as objects for procreation. Women are treated as objects of procreation when the scene of General Buck Turgidson about to have sex with Miss Scott before he had to go to the war room. The second scene where women are objectified as objects of sex is in the B-52 airplane as Major â€Å"King† Kong was reading a playboy magazine labeled â€Å"Foreign Affairs† over a woman’s butt. The last case where women are objectified as objects of sex is when Dr. Strangelove suggests that the mine shaft, filled with cobalt Thorium G, fit for a few thousand should be filled with a 10:1 ratio of women to men to â€Å"ensure the population† after the detonation of the Russians’ Doomsday Device. Dr. Strangelove was filmed shortly after the Cuban Missile Crisis where America and Russia was close to a nuclear war. In the early 1960s, America started to obtain enough long range nuclear delivery devices to a huge advantage over Russia and by 1962, America had a 4:1 ratio advantage over the Russians in nuclear missiles. Nikita Khrushchev, the Russian Dictator, thought that President Kennedy was a weak leader that would not respond to the secret placement of missiles in Cuba that could reach most of the U. S.. Khrushchev wanted to humiliate America and address some of the problems in nuclear weapons without needing to build a large number of delivery devices. The U. S. discovered this plot, and soon after a suspenseful thirteen days, where the entire country seemed to hold its breath, made the Russians to agree to remove the missiles and take them back to Russia while the U. S. promised to take the missiles they owned out of Turkey. Even though the movie Dr. Strangelove was used to make fun of a scare in the 1960’s there is evidence of the stereotypical view of the Russians and how they are drunk communist spies, gender roles of men and women, men being all powerful while women are treated as sex objects shown by Major â€Å"King† Kong and General Buck Turgidson, and how the film related to several events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and what could have led to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy as he was insulted by Nikita Khrushchev regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis and the nuclear arms race Russia and the United States were in.

Roller Coasters and Their Theory Essay Example

Roller Coasters and Their Theory Paper 2010 NAME: CAROLENA SEEREERAM DINESH TEELUCKSINGH DEVIANN SINGH VINCENT BAHADUR KERLON MOORE INSTRUCTOR: MR. RISHI RAMPERSAD COURSE: ENGINEERING SCIENCE COURSE: ENGINEERING SCIENCE CLASS: COMPUTER ENGINEERING (YEAR 1) INSTRUCTOR: RISHI RAMPERSAD GROUP MEMBERS: CAROLENA SEEREERAM DINESH TEELUCKSINGH DEVIANN SINGH VINCENT BAHADUR KERLON MOORE ABSTRACT A roller coaster is an amusement park ride where passengers sit in a series of wheeled cars that are linked together. The cars move along a pair of rails supported by a wood or steel structure. In operation, the cars are carried up a steep incline by a linked chain. When the cars reach the top of the incline, they roll free of the chain and are propelled downward due to gravity through a series of drops, rises, and turns. Finally the cars are braked to a stop at the starting point, where the passengers get out and new passengers get on. Roller coasters are considered by many to be the most exciting ride in any amusement park. TABLE OF CONTENTS Task Pages Abstract 3 Introduction 5 Objectives Methodology6 Background Information Design of a Roller Coaster 7-13 * Working of a Roller Coaster 14-15 * Energy Transformations 16 Methodology 17 Main Body 18 * Brief History of Roller a Coaster * Types of Roller Coasters Reference and Appendix 19 INTRODUCTION This project is based on the operations and the energy conversions of a roller coaster and it is designed to make an understanding of how a roller coaster works. A roller coaster ride is a thrilling experience which involves a we alth of physics. Part of the physics of a roller coaster is the physics of work and energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Roller Coasters and Their Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Roller Coasters and Their Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Roller Coasters and Their Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The ride often begins as a chain and motor, or other mechanical device which exerts a force on the train of cars to lift the train to the top of track. Once the cars are lifted to the top of the track, gravity takes over and the remainder of the ride is an experience in energy transformation. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this project include: 1) Describing the equipment design and operation of Roller Coasters. 2) Investigating the sources of energy and stating whether the energy is harnessed naturally or if it is renewable. 3) Energy conversion and the losses incurred during the conversion process. ) Identifying the environmental impacts of using such energy. Methodology Different data collection methods were used to collect information of the roller coaster. The most used was the use of the internet. A lot of the information was gathered from different sites and was restructured in one’s own words. Also watching videos from the internet (YouTube) was widely used in gathering of the information. Another method was through reading of text books and encyclopedia based on the roller coaster and once again the information was put together in one’s own words. The following steps were taken when researching the topic. First planning was done on how to do the research and who had to do what in the research. Different members had to do different types of research. Some did through the internet and some researched by reading of text books and encyclopedia. The data was then analyze, then the study of the design of the structure of the roller coaster. Implementation of the information and restructure of the information was then carried out by all members of the group. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Design of a Roller Coaster The design of a roller coaster ride is the first and most important part of the manufacturing process. Because each roller coaster is unique, every detail must be designed literally from the ground up. In order to design a roller coaster, designers must consider what kind of riders will use the coaster. If the coaster is designed for small children, the hills and curves will be gentle, and the cars speed will be relatively slow. Families usually want a somewhat faster ride with plenty of turns and moderate forces. Ultimate thrill seekers want extreme heights and speeds. Next, the designers must consider the space available for the coaster, because roller coasters not only take a lot of ground space, but also a lot of air space. Designers look at the general terrain, other surrounding rides, power lines, access roads, lakes, trees, and other obstacles. Some amusement parks have added so many rides that a new roller coaster has to be designed to thread its way through existing rides and walkways. The next objective for the designers is to achieve a unique feel for the coaster. Designers can draw on a number of techniques to provide a memorable ride. The initial incline can be made steeper or the speed of the lift chain can be made slower to heighten the apprehension of the passengers. Once up the incline, the first drop is usually designed to be the steepest, and therefore the fastest and scariest. Other drops can be designed with a brief flattened section in the middle, and are called double dips. Drops with very abrupt transitions to a flat or upturned section are called slammers because they slam the passengers down into their seats. Letting the cars run close to the ground, in what is called a gully coaster, gives the illusion of increased speed. The advent of steel construction for coasters has allowed a number of variations on the basic roller coaster ride. In some modern coasters, the passengers sit suspended below the tracks rather than riding on top of them. In others, the passengers ride standing up rather than sitting down. Most of the actual design and layout of a roller coaster is done on a computer. The height of the first incline must be calculated to give the cars enough energy to propel them all the way through the ride and back to the station. The horizontal and vertical forces that the loaded cars exert on the track must be calculated at every point to ensure that the support structure is adequate. Because each coaster usually incorporates one or more new and untried features, a working prototype of the new features may be built for testing and evaluation. The prototype is erected at the manufacturers facility, and weighted test cars outfitted with instrumentation are propelled through the test section at the desired speed. Based on these tests, the designers may alter their original design before building the final product. When the calculations, design, and testing are complete, a computer-aided drafting (CAD) program is used to prepare detailed drawings for each of the thousands of parts that will be used to build the new coaster. The Manufacturing Process of a Roller Coaster The actual physical construction of a roller coaster may take place in a factory or on the amusement park site depending on the type and size of the coaster. Most steel coasters are built in sections in a factory, then trucked to the site and erected. Most wooden coasters are built piece-by-piece on the site. Here is the typical sequence of operations for manufacturing both modern steel coasters and classic wooden coasters: Preparing the Site: 1) Before the roller coaster can be installed, the area where it is to be located needs to be cleared and prepared. 2)   If there are existing structures, vegetation, or utilities that need to be moved or demolished, this work is done first. If any of the surrounding terrain needs to be filled or excavated, that work is also done at this time. 3) Holes for the support structure foundations are surveyed and drilled or dug. Sturdy wooden forms are then constructed to hold the concrete for each foundation point. In some areas where the soil is very sandy, large wooden piles may be driven into the ground as foundations rather than using poured concrete. If concrete is used, it is brought to the site in mixer trucks and pumped into place by a concrete pump with a long, articulating arm that can reach each foundation form. Connector plates are imbedded into the concrete on top of each foundation to allow attachment of the supports. Erecting the Main Support Structure: 4) When the foundation is in place, work begins on the main support structure. All the parts for steel coasters are made in a factory and shipped to the job site in sections on trucks. In the factory, the pieces for each support are cut and welded into the required shape using fixtures to hold them in the proper orientation to each other. If a complex three-dimensional bend is required, this may be done in a hydraulic tube bender that is controlled by information from the computer. On wooden coasters, the material for the supports is usually shipped to the site as unfinished lumber and the individual pieces are cut and assembled on site. In either case, the lower portions of the main supports are lifted by a crane and are attached to the connector plates protruding from the foundation points. ) Once the lower supports are in place, they may be temporarily braced while the upper sections are lifted into place and connected. This work continues until the main support structure is complete. Installing the Track: 6) With the main support structure in place, the track is installed. On steel coasters, sections of track are fabricated in the factory with the stanchions an d tubular tracks welded to the track supports. After the sections are brought to the site, they are lifted into place, and the track ends are slid together. The sections are then bolted to the main support structure and to each other. On wooden coasters, wood tie beams are installed across the top of the main support structure along the entire length of the ride. Six to eight layers of flat wood boards are installed lengthways on top of the tie beams in two rows to form a laminated base for the rails. The rails themselves are formed from long, flat strips of steel screwed into the wood base. 7) On steel coasters, walkways and handrails are welded in place along the outside of the track to allow maintenance access and emergency evacuation of passengers. On wooden coasters, the portions of the tie beams outside of the track are used as walkways, and handrails are installed. ) The lift chain and anti-rollback mechanisms are installed on the lift hill, and the braking device is installed on the final approach to the station. Fabricating the Cars: 9) The individual cars for the coaster are fabricated in the factory. The sub frame pieces are cut and welded. The bodies are stamped from aluminum or molded in fiberglass, t hen fastened to the sub frame. Seat cushions may be cut from foam, mounted on a base, and covered with upholstery. Running wheels and guide wheels are bolted in place with locking fasteners. Brake fins, anti-rollback dogs, and other safety components are installed. Finishing the Ride: 0) When the main construction is completed, electrical wiring is installed for the lighting, and the entire ride may be painted. The boarding station is constructed, signs are installed, and the landscaping is put in place. Working of a Roller Coaster The roller coasters work on the principle of conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy. The cars attached to the roller coaster do not have self-powered motor. Instead they are pulled by one chained with the other to the first peak of the roller coaster track. On reaching the top of the first peak the kinetic energy with which the cars are pulled becomes the potential energy. With that the cars of the roller coaster system not only slide down but also move up the second peak. This process is repeated in the subsequent peaks and finally the cars are brought to a stop with the application of brake run. A well designed roller coaster will have enough energy to complete the entire course of the track and will come to an end on the application of brake run at the end. Modern roller coasters have launch mechanisms, which starts off the ride with a high amount of acceleration by means of one or series of Linear Induction Motors and Linear synchronous Motors, powered by hydraulic or pneumatic force. Roll back occurs when a launched train does not have enough potential energy to ascend the top of the first peak. Under the roll back the train comes back to the original launching place for re-launch. In the case of continuous circuit roller coasters, when the kinetic energy is not enough for the train to complete the travel after descending from its highest peak point , it moves forward and backward along the track until all the kinetic energy is released. After that it comes to a stop. Energy Transformations in a Roller Coaster A roller coaster ride also illustrates the work and energy relationship. The work done by external forces is capable of changing the total amount of mechanical energy from an initial value to some final value. The amount of work done by the external forces upon the object is equal to the amount of change in the total mechanical energy of the object. The relationship is often stated in the form of the following mathematical equation. KEinitial + PEinitial + Wexternal = KEfinal + PEfinal The left side of the equation includes the total mechanical energy (KEinitial + PEinitial) for the initial state of the object plus the work done on the object by external forces (Wexternal) while the right side of the equation includes the total mechanical energy (KEfinal + PEfinal) for the final state of the object. Once a roller coaster has reached its initial summit and begins its descent through loops, turns and smaller hills, the only forces acting upon the coaster cars are the force of gravity, the normal force and dissipative forces such as air resistance. The force of gravity is an internal force and thus any work done by it does not change the total mechanical energy of the train of cars. The normal force of the track pushing up on the cars is an external force. However, it is at all times directed perpendicular to the motion of the cars and thus is incapable of doing any work upon the train of cars. Finally, the air resistance force is capable of doing work upon the cars and thus draining a small amount of energy from the total mechanical energy which the cars possess. However, due to the complexity of this force and its small contribution to the large quantity of energy possessed by the cars, it is often neglected. By neglecting the influence of air resistance, it can be said that the total mechanical energy of the train of cars is conserved during the ride. That is to say, the total amount of mechanical energy (kinetic plus potential) possessed by the cars is the same throughout the ride. Energy is neither gained nor lost, only transformed from kinetic energy to potential energy and vice versa. Energy Transformations in a Roller Coaster Methodology Different data collection methods were used to collect information of the roller coaster. The most used was the use of the internet. A lot of the information was gathered from different sites and was restructured in one’s own words. Also watching videos from the internet (YouTube) was widely used in gathering of the information. Another method was through reading of text books and encyclopedia based on the roller coaster and once again the information was put together in one’s own words. The following steps were taken when researching the topic. First planning was done on how to do the research and who had to do what in the research. Different members had to do different types of research. Some did through the internet and some researched by reading of text books and encyclopedia. The data was then analyze, then the study of the design of the structure of the roller coaster. Implementation of the information and restructure of the information was then carried out by all members of the group. Main Body Brief History of a Roller Coaster: A roller coaster train going downhill represents merely a complex case as a body is descending an inclined plane. Newtons first two laws relate force and acceleration, which are key concepts in roller coaster physics. At amusement parks, Newtons laws can be applied to every ride. These rides range from The Swings to The Hammer. Newton was also one of the developers of calculus which is essential to analyzing falling bodies constrained on more complex paths than inclined planes. A roller coaster ride is in a gravitational field except with the Principle of Equivalence. An important thing to consider is that the carts on a conventional modern day roller coaster are not self-powered. The movement is generated exclusively by gravitational, inertial and centripetal forces. Although the tracks are getting more and more complex and the speed is ever increasing, the basic principles of physics at work are simple and can be easily understood. Still, the actual task of designing a roller coaster itself is by no means simple, which is reflected by the many obstacles that need to be overcome before a coaster becomes operational. Given this contrasting perspective, this paper is going to take a look at these underlying physics principles as well as some engineering methods that are involved. Energy is essentially applied to the carts only as they are pulled up the first hill. This hill is often called the lift hill. Once the coaster reaches the top, the forces applied to it for the remainder of the ride are mainly gravitational and inertial. Therefore, in essence, the fundamental principle behind the coaster’s operation is the ‘conservation of energy,’ which simply states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. The total energy which is consisted of ‘potential’ and ‘kinetic’ parts, is therefore constant. As the coaster moves up the lift hill, the total energy exerted on the carts is stored in the system as potential energy. This happens since as the height increases, there is a greater chance for the gravity to act on the cart to pull it down. However, it is not desirable to have the carts fall vertically to the ground, and so a good way to think about what is happening here is that the tracks are designed to manipulate this fall. The second physical principle relevant here is Newton’s first law: This states that an object stays in motion (or conversely stays still) if no external forces are applied. The tendency of objects to do this is referred to as ‘inertia’. Based on this principle, as the cart reaches the second hill (after the lift hill), it continues to rise converting kinetic energy to potential energy. However, some of the energy will be lost due to friction which exists between the tracks and the cart wheels as well as that created by carts moving through the air. Therefore, a few extra hills (which are shorter than the lift hill) are put along the path to ‘recharge’ the cart giving it more potential energy to convert back to kinetic energy. The racks are designed in such a way that at the end of the ride, all potential energy is converted to kinetic energy so there is little need for brakes and the carts essentially stop on their own. Components The worlds tallest and fastest roller coaster, the Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey. At first glance, a roller coaster is something like a passenger train. It consists of a series of connected cars that move on tracks. But unlike a passenger train, a roller coaster has no engine  or power source of its own. For most of the ride, the train is moved by  gravity  and momentum. To build up this momentum, you need to get the train to the top of the first hill (the lift hill) or give it a powerful launch. Chain Lift The traditional lifting mechanism is a long length of chain (or chains) running up the hill under the track. The chain is fastened in a loop, which is wound around a gear at the top of the hill and another one at the bottom of the hill. The gear at the bottom of the hill is turned by a simple  motor. This turns the chain loop so that it continually moves up the hill like a long conveyer belt. The coaster cars grip onto the chain with several  chain dogs, sturdy hinged hooks. When the train rolls to the bottom of the hill, the dogs catches onto the chain links. Once the chain dog is hooked, the chain simply pulls the train to the top of the hill. At the summit, the chain dog is released and the train starts its descent down the hill. Catapult-launch In some newer coaster designs, a catapult launch sets the train in motion. There are several sorts of catapult launches, but they all basically do the same thing. Instead of dragging the train up a hill to build up potential energy, these systems start the train off by building up a good amount of kinetic energy in a short amount of time. One popular catapult system is the linear-induction motor. A linear-induction motor uses  electromagnets  to build two magnetic fields one on the track and one on the bottom of the train that are attracted to each other. The motor moves the magnetic field on the track, pulling the train along behind it at a high rate of speed. The main advantages of this system are its speed, efficiency, durability, precision and controllability. Another popular system uses dozens of rotating wheels to launch the train up the lift hill. The wheels are arranged in two adjacent rows along the track. The wheels grip the bottom (or top) of the train between them, pushing the train forward. The Breaks Like any train, a roller coaster needs a  brake  system so it can stop precisely at the end of the ride or in an emergency. In roller coasters, the brakes arent built into the train itself; theyre built into the track. This system is very simple. A series of clamps is positioned at the end of the track and at a few other braking points. A central computer operates a  hydraulic system  that closes these clamps when the train needs to stop. The clamps close in on vertical metal fins running under the train, and this friction gradually slows the train down. Types of Roller Coasters: There are many different designs for Roller Coasters but the following are the most popular: * Wooden Roller Coaster * Steel Roller Coaster Wooden Roller Coaster – Wooden coasters use massive wooden trestle-style structures to support the track above the ground. Steel plates are used to reinforce critical joints. Steel Roller Coaster – These may use thin, trestle-style structures to support the track, or they may use thick tubular supports. The track is usually formed in sections from a pair of welded round steel tubes held in position by steel stanchions attached to rectangular box girder or thick round tubular track supports. All exposed steel surfaces are painted. Reference and Appendix http://cec. chebucto. org/Co-Phys. html http://library. thinkquest. org/2745/data/ke. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Centripetal_force http://www. teachersdomain. org/resource/hew06. sci. phys. maf. rollercoaster http://www. thehumorwriter. com/Kids_Corner_Original_Storie/Roller_Coasters/roller_coasters www. google. tt http://www. buzzle. com/articles/physics-of-roller-coasters. html

Aldous HuxleyS Brave New World And George OrwellS 1984 Essays

Aldous Huxley'S Brave New World And George Orwell'S 1984 Neil Postman once stated; ?Huxley's vision is more relevant today than is Orwell's,? Neil was of course refering to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984, both chilling prophecies of the future of humanity gone terribly wrong. Although one could agree with Neal's view of Huxley's Brave New World, where life is taken down to only the most trivial of entertainment, lack of family, love or individuality, it would be horribly blind to miss the elements of Orwell's 1984 coming through our society as well. Orwell's fear of the truth being concealed, banned books and a captive humanity show as true as Huxley's views. Our world today has many of the same elements that once only seemed to be fictional prophecies. Parts of each of these works are becoming, or have become, reality. In 1984 it was couples put together by the government for the purpose of autonomous children. In Brave New World it was children simply being produced in factories. There is an equal share from eac h in the world today. Which brings us to today. Today's medical state is out of control. Any scientist can easily play god. In an article in the San Luis Opisbo Times it was stated that a Canadian couple was paying ?an unnamed company $250,000 to make a clone of their daughter, killed at 3 in an accident, in a laboratory built in an unnamed third world country?. Today it is possible to make a clone of an entire human being. With the speed of technology today, an entire factory capable of producing human replicas at a decent speed and price could be only a few decades off. It is entirely too close to Huxley's Bokanovskification to be ignored. Opposing Huxley's views were, of course, the views of Orwell. In Orwell's vision, people were robbed of their privacy by telescreens mounted anywhere one could be fit. We're one step ahead. Who needs telescreens when today we have the Digital Angel? The Digital Angel, (note the use of the word angel. What a god-send) is a program using the technology of satellite tracking, tiny little chips, and lack of human foresight to track and monitor human beings. In the words of Richard J. Sullivan, CEO of Applied Digital Solutions, the producer of the program, We believe its potential for improving individual and e-business security and enhancing the quality of life for millions of people is virtually limitless. Although we're in the early developmental phase, we expect to come forward with applications in many different areas, from medical monitoring to law enforcement. However, in keeping with our core strengths in the e-business to business arena, we plan to focus our initial development efforts on the growing field of e-commerce security and user ID verification(www.digitalangel.net). However, I believe the potential for the government to continuously monitor humanity is the real deal. With satellite positioning of humanity well on it's way, the potential for a worldwide Big Brother is on the rise. Join me in saying our formal good-byes to our once loved freedom. Either horrible utopia described by Huxley or Orwell is unnerving. The problem with today is, we're headed towards a combination of the two. Not even one of the great authors could come up with something so menacing on their own, but we as a people have triumphed once again in achieving the unthinkable. The ghosts of humanity are haunting us today and were all in this together. We've got no where else to go. Our world will be taken from us if we don't hold ourselves to our own mental capacity, if we don't initiate the change. Postman's assertion was only written with one eye open, I believe. Open your eyes for the future. English Essays

The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany

The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany Introduction Currently, events are increasingly being considered as one of the key components of our culture (Torkildsen, 2005, p.467). This has arisen from a number of factors some of which include increase in the consumers’ discretionary income and leisure time (Campbell, Stonehouse, Houston, 2004, p. 34).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world of events is composed of a wide spectrum of events some of which relate to sports, politics, business and cultural occasions (Damster, Tassiopoulos, Dry, Gasche, Johnson Knocker, 2005, p.8). Events can either be classified as special events, major events, and hallmark events. Special events include events that occur less frequently and are outside the normal operations of the organizing body (Varrel Kennedy, 2011, p. 1). On the other hand, major events entail large scale events wh ich are either national or international. As a result, they attract extensive media coverage and spectators (Damster et al, 2005, p.8). The sports industry is one of the economic sectors within which numerous mega events are organized (Shone Parry, 2004, p.65). An example of such sporting event is the Winter Olympics. Decision to establish the Winter Olympic Games was first conceived in 1908 with the acceptance of figure skating during the Summer Games which were held in London. The first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in Chamonix, Paris (Mechikoff, 2009, p.43). Currently, the Winter Olympic Games are held after every 4 years. Over the years, The Winter Olympic Games have undergone significant transformations. For example, more sports such as snowboarding, skeleton, figure skating, speed skating, curling, luge and freestyle skiing have permanently been included in the sports programme. Letter of introduction The Winter Olympic Games bid committee for the 2018 Winter Games is ple ased to present its bid to hold the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany. Decision to make the bid arose from appreciation of the fact that Germany has successfully held other mega events in the past. For example, the 2006 FIFA World Cup which was held in Germany is one of the motivations that have made Munich to make the bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. Additionally, Bavaria which is one of the regions in Germany has successfully hosted winter games for example the recent World Championships which were held at Alpine. As a result, the country has sufficient facilities to host such a mega event.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, Munich intends to promote world peace through sports. In this document, the Bid Committee has outlined its evaluation of Munich as an appropriate city to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Please find within the d ocument a comprehensive evaluation of Munich’s bid in addition with a concrete fact finding process. Positioning Vision Munich intends to effectively host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games which are amongst the most famous winter sports within the region. Over the years, Munich has successfully hosted major events and festivals. By hosting the Winter Olympic Games, Munich intends to promote the Winter Olympic Games into a celebration for all the parties. Mission The mission of Munich 2018 Winter Olympic Games is twofold. These entail promoting world peace through sports and to enhance development of the youth. Core values Some of the core values which will guide Munich in organizing 2018 Olympic Games entail portraying the spirit of solidarity, friendship, and fair play. Additionally, the participants are required to avoid any form of discrimination during the competition. Therefore, infrastructure and financial base are not the only factors which are considered when selecting th e city to host the Winter Olympic Games. However, the government of the host country must guarantee that that the Olympic Games charter will be respected (Japanese Olympic Committee, 2011, para. 1). Analysis of Munich as a host for the 2012 Winter Olympics Community Overview Germany is ranked as the 4th largest economy in the world with a population of approximately 82 million people (Tiersky, Jones Genugten, 2011, p. 119). The City of Munich is estimated to have a population of 1.4 million citizens while that of Bavaria is 12.6 million citizens. The country has adopted a parliamentary democracy system of government. However, the powers are shared between sixteen federal states and the Federal Government. The Members of Parliament are elected directly by the citizens every 4 years.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2018 Winter Olympic Games in Munich, Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The elected Members of Parliament in turn elect the Chancellor who is charged with the responsibility of proposing the cabinet. The 2 tiers of government which include the State and the Federal governments have separate powers. The municipalities form a part of the state government. However, their operation is characterized by a certain degree of autonomy. Government support and partnership The success of the mega-event such as the Olympic Games is dependent on the degree of government support and partnership with various parties (Hiller, 2000, p. 440). The delivery of the 2018 Munich Olympic Games has clearly been defined by the Munich 2018 Multi-Party Agreement. The agreement clearly stipulates the commitments by the various parties to support the Olympic Games in different capacities. During the 2018 Munich Olympic Games, the German Federal government will be charged with a number of responsibilities. Some of these entail construction and maintenance of the venues, transport system and ensuring prov ision of effective immigration and customs services. The Free State of Bavaria will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that there is sufficient security during the event. On the other hand, the local, regional and national authorities will be required to contribute 33.3% to cater for the construction of the competition venues. Additionally, the local authorities have accepted to contribute towards the construction of non-competition venues. The bid for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games has not only gained support from the local, regional and national authorities but also from the private sectors. The bid committee met with the German Prime Minister, the Chancellor and ministers who pledged their full support for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games. Community support For a particular city to successfully host Olympic Games, it must have sufficient land (International Monetary Fund, 2010, p. 9). This arises from the fact that significant proportion of land is used to construct the necessary facilities. In the process of bidding to host the Olympic Games, the bid committee experienced one major challenge. This arose from the fact that some of the local landowners especially those located at Garmisch-Partenkirchen were not willing to offer their land to ensure construction of the various sporting facilities. As a result, they decided to challenge the validity of Munich hosting the Winter Olympic Games.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite this challenge, an opinion poll conducted by the International Olympic Commission revealed that the bid for Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games is increasingly receiving support. The poll results show that 60% and 53% of residents within Munich and Bavaria support the bid respectively. On the other hand, the national support for the bid stands at 56%. Host Organizing Committee (HOC) overview Legal The prevailing legal framework in Germany is sufficient for Munich to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. This arises from the fact that the government adopted the Olympic laws in 2010. Germany has over the past year been committed towards meeting the IOC requirements. The Organizing Committee of Olympic Games will operate as a not-for profit limited liability Company. The shareholders will include the local municipality of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the Free State of Bavaria, the NOC, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Rural District of Berchtesgadener. The Shareholders Board will be charged with the responsibility of defining and implementing the role and responsibilities of the various stakeholders. Additionally, there will be a Supervisory Board which will be subject to the Shareholders Board. Its role will entail undertaking administrative control of OCOG. Additionally, there will be an executive management team which will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing the day to day operations of the OCOG. Host Competition Venues Mega events should have all the appropriate venues to host the event (Westerbeek, Turner Ingerson, 2002, p. 303). Munich intends to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in its existing venues. Additionally, the City of Munich plans to transform and revitalize some of the venues that were used during the 1972 Olympic Park from being Summer Olympics based to Winter Olympic based. Two main zones which include Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Munich will be used during the event. The City of Munich will be the center for all the gam es to be held. The bid intends to convert the 1972 Olympic Park into a venue that can host ice sports. Five competition venues will be used during the event. The opening and the closing ceremonies will be conducted in the existing Olympic stadium. Sports such as figure skating will take place in the existing stadium while the 1972 diving swimming venues will be converted into a curling venue. A demountable venue will be developed to host the speed skating oval. The bidding committee will ensure that an effective Olympic Village is developed. A number of media villages which will be located near the Ice Park will be designed. Another non-competition venue which will be developed includes the Munich zone. This zone will be comprised of the medals plaza, a restaurant and the main media center. Garmisch-Partenkirchen town successfully held the Winter Olympic Games in 1936. Within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone, 7 snow competition venues will be designed. Five of these venues will be lo cated within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone. Some of the sports that will be held within this venue include snowboard skiing, alpine skiing, ski jumping and freestyle. On the other hand, cross-country skiing and biathlon will be held at the Schwaiganger Nordic center. Other facilities that will be located within the center include a hotel to accommodate the media, the medals plaza, 4 media villages and a mountain media center. Transportation services Effective transport is necessary to ensure ease of connectivity when hosting a mega event (Roche, 2000, p.140). All the venues which supporting the Winter Olympic Games will be interconnected with an effective transport system which will entail a railway line and roads. To ensure effective interconnection of the venues a comprehensive improvement of the railway line will be undertaken. Additionally, 3 road tunnels will be constructed within Garmisch-Partenkirchen to ensure ease of access to the snow venues. Three main links will form t he core transport system between the venues. These include the Munich airport which will connect the participants to the Munich hotel area which is approximately 40 kilometers away. The airport is connected with numerous motorways and railway lines. The second system will link Munich to Schwaiganger Nordic Center which is a distance of 65 kilometers and Garmisch-Partenkirchen which is a distance of 90 kilometers. To ensure successful interconnection between Schwaiganger Nordic Center and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the road tunnels will be expanded to 4 lanes. The 3rd system will link Munich to Konigssee through rail, road and motorway. Munich International Airport which is a modern, high capacity facility will serve as the main gateway airport for the entire event. The airport serves approximately 33 million passengers annually. The airport is strategically located at 125 kilometers North of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and 40 kilometers North of Munich. The chart below shows the estimated t ravel time between Munich international airport and the Olympic villages. Olympic Village Munich International Airport Konigssee 125 minutes Garmisch-Partenkirchen 90 minutes Munich 25 minutes Considering the fact that there are 7 motorways and 8 railway lines which converge in Munich city, the city forms the main transport center for Southern Germany. To eliminate congestion within the competition and non-competition venues, the bid committee will not provide any parking services. The bid committee has ensured that the venues are effectively served by shuttle buses and rail. Additionally, the bid committee will design 35,000 park-and-ride lots which will be distributed across all the venues which will host the event. Approximately 20,000 parking lots will be located around Munich, 13,000 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Schwaiganger and 2,000 in Konigssee-Berchtesgaden area. The appropriateness of Munich and Garmisch-Partenkirchen zones arises from the fact that these zone s are served by effective transport system. High capacity shuttle buses and low capacity rail stations will be used to connect all the venues. Additionally, the bid committee will ensure that traffic within Garmisch-Partenkirchen zone is limited to only permit holders and the Olympic transport. Considering the fact that the motorway system within Munich will be heavily used during the games, the bid committee will integrate advanced traffic management measures (Evans, Campbell Stonehouse, 2002, p. 34). Security services Tarlow (2002, p.9) is of the opinion that security is a critical consideration when holding any event. The bid committee believes that Munich has a comprehensive understanding of the security needs during the mega events such as the Winter Olympic Games. During the Winter Olympic Games, Munich will assign the security responsibility to the Free State of Bavaria. This decision was arrived at after consideration of the fact that Bavaria has successfully held mega even ts in the past. Additionally, security support will also be provided by the Federal Governmental agencies. The Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) will be charged with the responsibility of ensuring security within the non-competition and the competition venues. The overall security of the entire event will be on the Bavarian Ministry of Interior. The bid committee estimates that a total of $ 49 million will be incurred to cater for non-OCOG security while $ 37 million will be incurred to cater for equipments, planning, training, logistics, coordination, private security and law enforcement personnel. The German government guaranteed that the cost of the security will be integrated in the budget for the involved agencies. The security personnel for the event will be drawn from the Bavarian forced, private security agencies, and volunteers. The bid committee has also considered seeking the help of police forces from other regions within Germany. Information communicatio n technology It is important for event managers to ensure that there is an effective communication system to ensure successful completion of the intended event (Adams Mallen, 2008, p. 91). The City of Munich is extremely advanced with regard to information technology. For example, the city has a well established telecommunication infrastructure. From its assessment, the bid committee established that the city of Munich has sufficient level of technology and expertise that meets the requirements of the Winter Olympic Games. Environmental services One of the most important components which should be taken into consideration when bidding to host any event relates to the impact of the event on the environment (Yeoman et al, 2003, p. 32). The 2018 Olympic Games bid committee has formulated an innovative sustainability strategy. The strategy entails use of temporary and existing venues to host the event. As a result, the event will have minimal environmental impact. By bidding the 2018 W inter Olympic Games, Munich intends to attain the Gold standard under the German Sustainable Building Council certification system. The objective of the certification system is to reduce energy consumption with a margin of 30% during the 2018 games. In the process of upgrading and constructing new venues, a total of 1.3 hectares of forest will be cleared. To ensure environmental sustainability, the bid committee will ensure that an equivalent area is covered with trees. However, upgrading and construction of the competition and non-competition venues will not affect the protected areas. Additionally, the committee will also ensure that the Games adhere to the concept of carbon neutrality. Ensuring environmental sustainability is a key element in the bidding process (House of Commons, 2003, p. 7). This will be attained by integrating carbon offsets and using energy saving technologies and renewable forms of energy. The bid committee will ensure that all the venues are supplied with 1 00 per cent green energy. Medical facilities In an effort to enhance the wellbeing of the participants, each of the Olympic Villages will offer effective medical services. All the competition venues will offer modern emergency services in line with the specifications of each sport. Additionally, the bid committee will ensure that free healthcare services are offered to all the Paralympics and the Olympic family during the games. The bid committee has selected 4 hospitals with a total bed capacity of 4,100 to take care of the athletes and their respective organizing committees. The committee has also taken into account the interest of the spectators. Free first aid and other emergency medical services will be offered to the spectators at all the venues. Considering the fact that Germany is a signatory to WADA Copenhagen Declaration which prohibits doping in sports, Munich 2018 bid committee will open a laboratory for the event at the Technical University of Munich. This will play a c ritical role in fighting drug trafficking and doping. Marketing and communication Upon developing a product or service, a comprehensive marketing strategy should be formulated to create awareness amongst the target customers (Silvers, 2004, p. 6). For a mega event such as the Winter Olympics to be successful, it is critical for a comprehensive marketing campaign to be conducted (Theodoraki, 2007, p. 37). The objective of the campaign is to create awareness to a large number of individuals. To ensure successful creation of publicity regarding the Munich 2018 Olympic Games, the bid committee has integrated different marketing communication techniques. One of these entails outdoor advertising. For example, outdoor advertising spaces have been guaranteed by Munich Airport, and at other transportation companies. Other outdoor advertising guarantees that have been obtained entail posting adverts at Salzburg and Innsbruck airports in Austria. To ensure that a large number of individuals ar e aware of the event, Munich 2018 Olympic Games bid committee will also use other mediums in creating awareness. One of these will entail securing television rights with the local television stations. Legacy plan There are a number of legacies associated with the Munich 2018 Olympic Games. For example, 2 new multi-sports facilities will be constructed within Munich. Hosting the event will contribute towards an intensive investment in road infrastructure especially within the Garmisch-Partenkirchen area. The event will also result into an increase in the number of sustainable housing units (Coulter, 2008). Additionally, the event will also contribute towards revival of the Munich Olympic Park. The community especially the youth will also benefit from the awareness and education programmes. The programs will give the youth insight with regard to sports participation and Olympics. Considering the fact that the event will be held on the already existing facilities and temporary venues, a high degree of sustainability will be attained. Economic impacts According to a report by Great Britain (2006, p.9), there are numerous economic benefits which are associated with hosting mega events such as the Winter Olympics. These benefits range from short term to long term benefits. Some of the short term benefits associated with hosting Olympic Games relate to regeneration and increase in the number of local investment within the host city. This arises from the fact that there are numerous economic activities which are staged on the games (Cashman, 2002, p. 10). Different governments are increasingly promoting and supporting events as one of their core strategies towards attainment of their nation building, destination marketing and economic development goals. Damster et al (2005, p.8) opine that events entail a unique way of attracting tourists. As a result, events are increasingly being considered as an effective way of enhancing tourism within a particular country (Locate In Kent, 2009, p. 4). For example, by hosting the Winter Olympic Games, more individuals will change the perception regarding Germany. As a result, they will increasingly consider Germany as a potential foreign investment destination. The resultant effect is that the country’s Gross Domestic Product will be enhanced. Media services Mega events such as the Olympic Games are characterized by extensive media coverage (Great Britain, 2010, p. 9). These range from television and radio broadcasting stations and the print media. To ensure effective coverage of the event, Munich 2018 bid committee has proposed that it will design 2 main media centers which will be effectively equipped with the state-of-the-art facilities in order to meet the needs of the various media houses. One of the centers will be located in Munich while the other will be at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The media centers will entail an International Broadcasting Center (IBC) which will be approximately 40,000 m2 and a Media Press Center (MPC) which will be approximately 20,000 m2. These centers will be housed at the Munich Trade Fair Center. Additionally, six media villages will be designed to cater for the needs of all the media. The media representative will be accommodated within the restaurants that are located near the media centers. This will ensure ease of access to their place of work. Transport between the competition and the accommodation venues will also be offered to all the media representatives. Accommodation The appropriateness of Munich to host the 2018 Olympic Games is evidenced by the fact that the city has sufficient accommodation. There are approximately 53,000 rooms which are located within a radius of 50 kilometers from Munich. This means that Munich meets the International Olympic Committee (IOC) accommodation requirements of over 24, 600 rooms. Approximately 18,500 rooms are located within a distance of 10 kilometers from Munich. More than 12, 800 rooms are located at G armisch-Partenkirchen while 1000 rooms are located at Konigssee. The bid committee has also projected the average room rate by 2018. The chart below illustrates these projections. Â   Single room Double room Candidature file rate 592 628 New rate 463 493 The chart below also illustrates the rates that other clients will be required to pay. These rates are inclusive of breakfast and taxes. Category of hotel Single room Double room 2 star 157 175 3 star 442 481 4 star 587 625 5 star 773 1041 Currency fluctuations pose a risk with regard to these projections. However, the bid committee confirmed that in the event that the room rates increase by 2018, it will cater for the difference. Business plan According to Bowdin (2010, p. 298) management of events should take into consideration the finances. One of the ways through which this can be attained is by integrating the concept of budgeting. This arises from the fact that a substantial amount of money is requir ed to successfully host the event. The 2018 Munich Olympic Games organizing committee has developed a comprehensive balanced budget which outlines the revenue and expenditure which will be incurred to host the event. It is projected that the event will generate $ 1.52 billion in revenue. Additionally, the total expenditure for the whole event is also $ 1.52 billion. To ensure that the event is successful, the organizing committee has set apart a contingency fund of $76 million which represents 5% of the total expenditure. Considering the fact that Germany is in a relatively stable region, the committee projects that the average annual rate of inflation by 2018 to be 1.6%. Revenue generation The chart below illustrates the projected the revenues to be generated from the event. Description Amount in million $ Sale of tickets 208 Licensing 36 IOC contribution 373 Government subsidies 41 Domestic sponsorship 511 IOC TOP Programme contribution 168 Other revenues 185 To tal 1,522 In its budget, the committee has also outlined the main expenditure items associated with the event. The main expenditure items identified are outlined in the chart below. Expenditure item Amount in million $ Transportation 95 Advertising and promotion 48 Administration 384 Contingency 76 Venue and villages 370 Paralympics Games 86 Technology 250 Games workforce 140 Ceremonies and culture 73 Critical path The chart below illustrates the key dates for the event bidding process. Date Event 16 January 2012 Registration of the bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games 23 January 2012 Formation of the bid committee 2 April 2012 Signing of the bidding agreement 4 August 2012 Submission of the bidding document to IOC. 26 September 2012 Visit by the International Olympic Organizing Committee to inspect Munich. 4 December 2012 Selection of host countries by the IOC. Conclusion The evaluation conducted by the bidding committee on the appr opriateness of Munich to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games presents a high probability of Munich being selected by the IOC. This is evidenced by the information presented by the bidding committee to the IOC. The information provided depicts the key success factors necessary to host an event such as the Winter Olympic Games successfully. The bidding committee has presented Munich’s commitment towards ensuring that the event is successful. For example, the bidding committee has outlined its proposal with regard to the various requirements that are necessary to host such an event. Some of these relate to provision of both competition and non-competition venues. Additionally, the bid is also supported by a number of parties such as the government and the local community. Reference List Adams, L., Mallen, C., 2008. Sport, recreation and tourism event management: Theoretical and practical dimensions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Bowdin, G., 2010. Events management. New York: R outledge. Campbell, D., Stonehouse, G., Houston, B., 2004. Business strategy: An introduction. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinmann Cashman, R., 2002. The impact of the games on Olympic host cities. Web. Available at: http://ceo.uab.cat/lec/pdf/cashman.pdf . Coulter, M., 2008. Strategic management in action. New York. Pearson-Prentice Hall. Damster, G., Tassiopoulos, D., et al. 2005. Event management: A professional and developmental approach. Lansdowne: Juta. Evans, N., Campbell, D. Stonehouse, G., 2002. Strategic management for travel and tourism. London: Butterworth- Heinemann. Great Britain. 2010. Olympic games and Paralympics games 2012: Legacy, oral and written evidence. London: Stationery Office. Great Britain. 2006. Going for gold: Transport for London 2012 Olympic Games. London: Stationery Office. Hiller, H., 2000. Mega events, urban boosterism and growth strategies: An analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Vol. 24, issue 2, pp. 440-458. House of Commons. 2003. A London Olympic bid for 2012. London: House of Commons. International Monetary Fund. 2010. Finance and development. New York: International Monetary Fund. Japanese Olympic Committee. 2011. History of Japan’s bid for the Olympics. Web. Available at: joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid03.html . Locate In Kent. 2009. Economic impacts of Olympic games. Web. Available at: locateinkent.com/images/assets/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20Olympic%20Games%20-%2009.07.09.pdf . Mechikoff, R., 2009. A history and philosophy of sport and physical education: From ancient civilization to the modern world. New York: McGraw-Hill. Roche, M., 2000. Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of a global culture. New York: Routledge. Shone, A., Parry, B., 2004. Successful event management. London: Continuum. Silvers, J., 2004. Professional event coordination. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Tarlow, P., 200 2. Event risk management and safety. New York: John Wiley. Theodoraki, E., 2007. Olympic event organization. New York: Routledge. Tiersky, R., Jones, E., Genugten, S., 2011. Europe today: A twenty first century introduction. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Torkildsen, G., 2005. Leisure and recreational management. New York: Routledge. Varrel, A., Kennedy, L., 2011. Mega events and mega projects. Web. Available at: chance2sustain.eu/fileadmin/Website/Dokumente/Dokumente/Publications/Chance2Sustain_-_Policy_Brief_No3___Mega-Events_and_Megaprojects_-_WP2.pdf . Westerbeek, H., Turner, P., Ingerson, L., 2002. Key success factors in bidding for hallmark sporting events. International Marketing Review. Vol. 19, issue 3, pp. 303-322. Yeoman, I., Robertson, M., Ali-Knight, J., Drummond, S., McMahon-Beattie, U., 2003. Festival and events management: An international arts and culture perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Living at the Crossroads Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Living at the Crossroads - Article Example Subsequently, the authors have demonstrated their remarkable historical perspective by helping us to trace the deep roots of our modern Western worldview which they believed was shaped by the â€Å"Reformed intellectual tradition†. In this perspective, the authors have tried to help us apprehend where we have come from and where we want to go. This made them believe that the gospel is always contextualized. However, according to Nietzsche in his book ‘ON the Genealogy of Morality,’ he objects Christianity as he saw Christianity as dogma set forth by institutes like churches and this ideology has failed to represent the life of â€Å"Living at the Crossroads†. The reason that made Nietzsche perceive Christianity as untrue is the contrast he made between the Christians life to that of Jesus, and this made him view Jesus as a distinctive individual who initiated his own ethical evaluations compared to Christians who lack it. Therefore, Nietzsche contends that if Christians lack their moral value then they are misguided and lack focus with the way the world certainly functions. Above all, Goheen and Bartholomew have clearly used biblical overview and historical perspective to teach us that Jesus is in every domain of human society. Therefore, living at the Crossroads is basic for Christian. This is supported by the sheer fact that Christianity has been recording its most dynamic growth in Latin America as they have tried to justify political authority deprived of continually invoking religion and God.

Final over A Raisin in the Sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final over A Raisin in the Sun - Essay Example When Ruth, Lena’s daughter-in-law, becomes pregnant, things take an uncomfortable turn for Ruth and her husband, Walter, who is Lena’s son. Both Ruth and Walter are aware that they do not have enough money to raise another child; Walter attempts to bring up abortion as an option for Ruth. However, Ruth, being the strong-of-heart woman that she is, decides to keep the child, realizing that it is already a living, breathing being. Eventually, Walter comes around and accepts his responsibility as a father. Unfortunately, when things are beginning to look up again, Walter loses what remained from the insurance check when he gives it to a friend for a business investment, instead of setting it aside for food and household needs. His friend runs off with the money, leaving Walter with nothing, and therefore leaving the rest of the Younger family with nothing. Though she showed strength throughout the play, Lena loses hope when she realizes that the check has been taken, leaving them with nothing, although her children are insisting that they can just work a little harder to bring more money in. Lena becomes more hopeful at the thought that her family will This dream is based, though, when the â€Å"welcoming committee† from the Youngers’ new, predominantly white neighborhood arrives and tries to buy them out of moving into the new neighborhood. At first, the family tells the white man off; however, in light of their fresh money problems, they consider taking the money offered and staying in their apartment. However, Walter, understanding the importance of his family’s dreams, opts against taking the money, vows to work harder, and insists that the family moves into their new house, giving them a brighter future. In â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, Ruth and Beneatha are two women that, while sharing some similarities, can be found at opposite ends of the spectrum from each other in regard to

International businesscoca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International businesscoca cola - Essay Example During economic recession, specific tariffs afford the local producers protection from foreign competition. The tax does not consider the value of the imported products but is based on the specific quantity of the imported products such as the volume or weight of the imported product (Carbaugh 2011). Specific tariffs affect the competitiveness of any company importing raw materials abroad. The tariffs will increase the prices of the products that are manufactured through use of raw materials that have been charged specific tariffs. For instance, if Coca Cola sets up operations in Myanmar and decides to import raw materials from other countries, the costs of production per unit will be high due to the specific tariffs that have been charged on the imported raw materials. Specific tariffs will be used by developing countries like Myanmar in order to protect the infant beverage industry from international competition from established players like Coca Cola and Pepsi. In addition, the My anmar government will also benefit through increased tax revenues by charging Coca Cola specific tariffs for the imported raw materials. Unfortunately, the domestic consumers will incur suffering due to higher prices for the Coca Cola brands. Generally, in the short term, the higher prices of products due to specific tariffs on raw materials will reduce the consumption by the customers, but the government will benefit from the increased revenues. On the other hand, free trade benefits the global economy through increased competition that leads to reduction in consumer prices and a variety of innovative products in the market (Tallman 2010). Question two: Coca Cola is a beverage manufacturing multinational company that was established in 1886. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, USA, and has operations in more than 200 countries. The brand portfolio includes more than 450 brands that are consumed to close to 1.5 billion people daily across the globe. The company has attained a 9 0 percent customer loyalty, and about 45 percent of the global beverage market share due to quality and innovative brands. The mission of Coca Cola is to refresh the world, create value to customers and inspire moments of happiness and optimism among the customers. The vision of the company is to provide a great working environment for the employees, provide quality brands to customers, act responsibly to the communities and maximise the long term returns to the investors. Coca Cola has operated in most of the countries in Southeast Asia except North Korea, Cuba and Myanmar. Due to the recent easing of the trade embargos by the European Union and United States on Myanmar, Coca cola can now enter the market after six decades. The European Union and the United States have allowed the US Corporations and citizens to invest in Myanmar after the ruling junta turned in to a democratically elected government thus paving way for civil authority in the country. Coca Cola international busine ss strategy is to operate a local business model in every target country; thus, Coca Cola has the opportunity of entering Myanmar. The company can sell bottled water, juices and sodas that are considered important in Myanmar. 2. Competitive position 2.1 Competitive position Coca Cola has attained a global leadership position in the soft drinks industry. The company has more than 400 brands and serves almost over 1.5 million customers daily. Coca

Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options

Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options Background information: Leukemia is a disease that has been affecting society these days. About 119,280 new cases are being found out this year. Leukemia is a blood cancer having to do with leukocytes, or as better known white blood cells, that take over the bone marrow and spread throughout the blood stream in our body. White blood cells exist in our body to protect it against diseases and infections. There are five types of white blood cells that go through the blood to the site of infection. These cells are grouped into two groups: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils are granulocyte and are the most common White Blood Cell (WBC) in the body. Its the first one to show up to ingest bacteria, virus particles, fungi, and protozoa. Eosinophils have a bilobed nuclei and uniform-sized cytosplamic granule. They moderate allergic reactions and defend against parasitic worm infestations. Basophilis is also a Granulocyte and the smallest of the three. They discharge their granules containing histamine and heparin into damaged tissue spaces to promote inflammation and blood flow to damaged areas. Agranulocytes lacks granules in their cytoplasm. The two types of granulocytes are as follow: Monocytes which travel through the blood for a day before even existing. The migrating monocytes are big eaters and they develop into macrophages and phagocytose bacteria debris in the tissue. Lymphocytes are grouped into T cells and B cells. T cells may directly attack foreign and tumor cells. B cells produce antibodies attack foreign cells or proteins. These are the cells that are affected when a person is diagnosed with leukemia. According to healthcommunities.com Leukemia is classified by how quickly it progresses. Acute leukemia is fast-growing and can overrun the body within a few weeks or months. By contrast, chronic leukemia is slow-growing and progressively worsens over years. The blood-forming cells of acute leukemia remain in an immature state, so they reproduce and accumulate very rapidly. Therefore, acute leukemia needs to be treated immediately; otherwise the disease may be fatal within a few months. Fortunately, some subtypes of acute leukemia respond very well to available therapies and they are curable. Children often develop acute forms of leukemia, which are managed differently from leukemia in adults. Chronic Leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells. Usually it takes months or years to progress; the cells produce at a faster rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can also occur in any age group. There is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia that often occurs to adult older than the age of 55. There is also Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia that occurs mainly in adults and a very few amount of children develop the disease. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in young children. This disease also affects adults, especially at age 65 and older. This type of Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, characterized by the overproduction and continuous multiplication of malignant and immature white blood in the bone marrow. It is a hematological malignancy. (Pakhare 2004) The Bone Marrow is a soft highly vascular modified connective tissue that occupies the cavities and cancellous part of most bones and occurs in two forms: a : a whitish or yellowish bone marrow consisting chiefly of fat cells and predominating in the cavities of the long bones-called also yellow marrow b : a reddish bone marrow containing little fat, being the chief seat of red blood cell and blood granulocyte formation, and occurring in the normal adult only in cancellous tissue especially in certain flat bones-called also red marrow (Merriam-Webster Dictionary.) When a Bone Marrow starts to produce abnormally white blood cells, it is called leukemia. When the white blood cells are being produced in a vast amount and at a fast rate, it starts to feast on the erythrocytes therefore leaving the body with out any blood. Blood is what keeps the human body alive. It carries the oxygen through our whole body. There three ways to treat leukemia and that is Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Bone Marrow Transplants. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill the cancer cells. These drugs can be given intravenously, orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly (injected into muscle), or intrathecally. But the chemotherapy treatment varies since there are different types of leukemia and not only does it kill the cancer cells but it also kills other cells. Radiation therapy works by damaging the genetic material (DNA) within cells, which prevents the cells  from growing and reproducing.   Although the radiotherapy is directed at cancer cells, healthy cells near the cancer cells may also be damaged. However, a goal of radiotherapy is to protect the healthy cells as much as possible, so that the benefit (destroying the cancer cells) outweighs the risk  (harming healthy cells). (The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 2009) Bone Marrow transplant replaces the diseased bone marrow with a healthier one. Bone marrow transplantation is accomplished by the intravenous administration of bone marrow or stem cells capable of reproducing themselves and repopulating an empty or defective bone marrow. Often, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are required prior to the administration of the stem cells in order to eradicate the remaining defective bone marrow. For patients with cancer, the chemotherapy and radiation therapy also are effective at treating the cancer. (Cutler 2005) But what are the positive and negative outcomes of these treatments? Although Chemotherapy does manage to kill most cancerous cell it also comes with some side-effects. For example nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, anemia, mouth sores, taste and smell changes, infection, diarrhea, menopause, and infertility. The side-effects of Radiation Therapy treatment are similar to the ones of Chemotherapy. A bone marrow may not be successful because of disease recurrence or regimen-related toxicity. Regimen-related toxicity refers to side effects that patients may experience during the course of transplantation. These side effects include graft-vs-host disease (GvHD), graft rejection, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, gastrointestinal and hepatic complications, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, and late effects after stem cell transplant. Although these treatments can help people with leukemia it can also kill them. It might kill cancerous cells but it also kills other good cells.

Chick Enhancer

Poultry-raising is one of the businesses that can be found here in the Philippines. It’s very simple and helpful, as chickens provide foods like chicken meat and eggs. It could also help in the agriculture area. Some people use supplemental feeds so that the chickens may grow fast. But now, we’re going to have a study to find a natural and better substitute, like Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as additives in making supplemental feeds. Aloe vera is a succulent plant species that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing, or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by other studies. Aloe vera is one of the only known natural vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12, and it contains many minerals vital to the growth process and healthy function of all the body's systems. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. In developing countries, moringa has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and support sustainable landcare. It may be used as forage for livestock, a micronutrient liquid, a natural anthelmintic and possible adjuvant. Supplemental Feeds, one of the cheapest and most useful ways to improve the growth of chickens. Statement of the Problem: This study aims to determine the effects of Aloe Vera and Malunggay as additive components in making supplemental feeds. The researchers would like to seek the answer to the problem â€Å"Can Aloe Vera and Malunggay extract be an alternative for growth and weight enhancer on chicks? † If so, what is/are the side effects of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) extract in: * Growth Skin Color * Other characteristics Hypothesis: Ho: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are not useful as additives in making supplemental feeds. Ha: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are effective for using it as additive components in making supplemental feeds. Significance of the Study: There is an increase of demand of chicken today. Most of the restaurants in our country are using chicken for their specialty. As we all know chicken is one of the most common foods that we eat, and that is our reason of pursuing this project. We would like to help the poultry-raisers to raise chickens in a small period of time. If we succeeded with this project we can also help our economy to grow and make it more influential. This project is also against on non-organic raisers because we are not sure about the side effects of that chemical once we intake the chicken. We want to prove that even we are a student we can help in our own little way. The fact that Aloe Vera and Malunggay are highly available and cheaper, this will help people, especially in business industries. They can even do it on their own.

Administrative Thought and Ethics

The â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† tells about Plato’s idea of the reality of the human situation. In the Allegory, Plato envisioned human existence as like slaves chained together in a deep, dark cave dimly illuminated by a fire burning some distance behind and above them.They chained and fettered in such a way that they have no way to see what is behind them. The Analogy of the Cave tells us that the appearances of things around us and as we understands them, are merely shadows of reality. The realities of these things are inaccessible to us.2. According to Plato, what are the â€Å"Forms?† How does Plato’s doctrine of the formstie in with the Allegory of the Cave?The â€Å"Forms† for Plato is a unified theory of reality, knowledge, and value. In other words, the Forms are concepts or ideas which are eternal rather than physical things. Forms are the incorporeal, eternal entities which constitute the ultimate realities.Reality of things lies in the w orld of perfect world of Forms or Ideas, and physical things are merely shadows of reality.  Ã‚   Plato’s doctrine of form tie with the Allegory in the Cave in the context that both tells that the realities are intangible. What we see around us are merely shadows or imitation of the reality which are ideas or forms.  What does Aristotle say about Plato’s doctrine of the forms and account of the good?  Aristotle regarded Plato’s doctrine of form as old ideas. According to Aristotle, Plato separated ideas from the physical forms of things. Plato held that physical things are merely shadows of what is real; Aristotle says that it is the substance that makes things real, and the essence or the substance of material things do not exist separately form those things.Aristotle says that for anyone to be good, he must first be able to manage his own family well. That is, goodness is reflected by how individual play his or her role in the family. However, the highes t good according to Aristotle can be obtain if we chose to desire a particular objective and is not complicated by desires of everything merely to satisfy our cravings (Aristotle, p. 1)According to Aristotle, what are the â€Å"virtues of thought?† Which of these do we use in making decisions about politics and ethics?The virtues of thoughts according to Aristotle are reason and choice or desire. Aristotle explained that if is reasoning are true and desires are right, it results to an intellect that is true and practical. Of these two, we use choice or desires most in making decisions about politics and ethics because choice or desires directs efforts towards the good actions. In other words, those who have these virtues are men who are capable to make a choice and whose reasoning are true.What is the main point that James Scott is trying to get across in his book, Seeing Like a State?The main point that James Scott is trying to get across in his book is that the state as mos t powerful institution is the great architect of modernization of the society as well as its deterioration by designing a social life that would not be in conflict with progress.It features an authoritarian state which placed â€Å"a single planning authority rather multiple source of invention and change; in place plasticity and autonomy of existing life, was a fixed social order in which positions were designated† (Scott, p. 93). Scott emphasized that high modernism emphasis does not all brings blessings but it also greatly brings disgrace and destruction.  Briefly compare and contrast the following sets of opposing concepts:   Monism vs PluralismIn a nut shell, Pluralism stands for the distributive form of being while the monism for the collective form. Monism held that there is one right way of resolving value conflicts-either by appeal to some supreme value, or to some authoritative ordering value. Pluralism on the other hand refers to the subset of public values suc h as liberty, justice, equality, and community.  Rationalism vs. Anti-rationalismRationalism is concern about the good of the society whether religious or not. It seeks to make morality the sole agenda of life and it declares that must be guided by reason and regulated by science. Aside from being the opposite, Anti-rationalism believes that rational belief alone cannot produce either exciting or justifying reasons. This view held that moral truth cannot be derived an objective judgment of right and wrong.Purposive State vs. Civil AssociationPurposive state according to Michael Spicer is a political association â€Å"in which individuals recognize themselves as united or bound together for the joint pursuit of some coherent set of sustentative ends while civil association† (p. 15).Spicer explained that purposive state is a planned social order that is a â€Å"method of establishing order that consist in limiting freedom of things and men to stay or move about at their plea sure, by assigning to each a specific position in the prearranged plan† (Spicer, p. 15).Civil association on the other hand is â€Å"one in which men and women see themselves as essentially free to pursue their own particular interests and values. Civil associations according to Spicer â€Å"understands themselves as bound together by their recognition of their acknowledgment of certain rules of conduct† (Spicer, p. 21).Work CitedAristotle (Trans. Ross, W.D.) â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics† Book I (Happiness)Scott, J.C. â€Å"Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed† USA: Yale University PressSpicer, M. â€Å"Public Administration and the State: A Postmodern Perspective† USA: The University of Alabama