Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options

Leukemia: Types and Treatment Options Background information: Leukemia is a disease that has been affecting society these days. About 119,280 new cases are being found out this year. Leukemia is a blood cancer having to do with leukocytes, or as better known white blood cells, that take over the bone marrow and spread throughout the blood stream in our body. White blood cells exist in our body to protect it against diseases and infections. There are five types of white blood cells that go through the blood to the site of infection. These cells are grouped into two groups: Granulocytes and Agranulocytes. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils are granulocyte and are the most common White Blood Cell (WBC) in the body. Its the first one to show up to ingest bacteria, virus particles, fungi, and protozoa. Eosinophils have a bilobed nuclei and uniform-sized cytosplamic granule. They moderate allergic reactions and defend against parasitic worm infestations. Basophilis is also a Granulocyte and the smallest of the three. They discharge their granules containing histamine and heparin into damaged tissue spaces to promote inflammation and blood flow to damaged areas. Agranulocytes lacks granules in their cytoplasm. The two types of granulocytes are as follow: Monocytes which travel through the blood for a day before even existing. The migrating monocytes are big eaters and they develop into macrophages and phagocytose bacteria debris in the tissue. Lymphocytes are grouped into T cells and B cells. T cells may directly attack foreign and tumor cells. B cells produce antibodies attack foreign cells or proteins. These are the cells that are affected when a person is diagnosed with leukemia. According to healthcommunities.com Leukemia is classified by how quickly it progresses. Acute leukemia is fast-growing and can overrun the body within a few weeks or months. By contrast, chronic leukemia is slow-growing and progressively worsens over years. The blood-forming cells of acute leukemia remain in an immature state, so they reproduce and accumulate very rapidly. Therefore, acute leukemia needs to be treated immediately; otherwise the disease may be fatal within a few months. Fortunately, some subtypes of acute leukemia respond very well to available therapies and they are curable. Children often develop acute forms of leukemia, which are managed differently from leukemia in adults. Chronic Leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells. Usually it takes months or years to progress; the cells produce at a faster rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can also occur in any age group. There is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia that often occurs to adult older than the age of 55. There is also Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia that occurs mainly in adults and a very few amount of children develop the disease. Acute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of leukemia in young children. This disease also affects adults, especially at age 65 and older. This type of Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, characterized by the overproduction and continuous multiplication of malignant and immature white blood in the bone marrow. It is a hematological malignancy. (Pakhare 2004) The Bone Marrow is a soft highly vascular modified connective tissue that occupies the cavities and cancellous part of most bones and occurs in two forms: a : a whitish or yellowish bone marrow consisting chiefly of fat cells and predominating in the cavities of the long bones-called also yellow marrow b : a reddish bone marrow containing little fat, being the chief seat of red blood cell and blood granulocyte formation, and occurring in the normal adult only in cancellous tissue especially in certain flat bones-called also red marrow (Merriam-Webster Dictionary.) When a Bone Marrow starts to produce abnormally white blood cells, it is called leukemia. When the white blood cells are being produced in a vast amount and at a fast rate, it starts to feast on the erythrocytes therefore leaving the body with out any blood. Blood is what keeps the human body alive. It carries the oxygen through our whole body. There three ways to treat leukemia and that is Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Bone Marrow Transplants. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill the cancer cells. These drugs can be given intravenously, orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly (injected into muscle), or intrathecally. But the chemotherapy treatment varies since there are different types of leukemia and not only does it kill the cancer cells but it also kills other cells. Radiation therapy works by damaging the genetic material (DNA) within cells, which prevents the cells  from growing and reproducing.   Although the radiotherapy is directed at cancer cells, healthy cells near the cancer cells may also be damaged. However, a goal of radiotherapy is to protect the healthy cells as much as possible, so that the benefit (destroying the cancer cells) outweighs the risk  (harming healthy cells). (The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 2009) Bone Marrow transplant replaces the diseased bone marrow with a healthier one. Bone marrow transplantation is accomplished by the intravenous administration of bone marrow or stem cells capable of reproducing themselves and repopulating an empty or defective bone marrow. Often, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are required prior to the administration of the stem cells in order to eradicate the remaining defective bone marrow. For patients with cancer, the chemotherapy and radiation therapy also are effective at treating the cancer. (Cutler 2005) But what are the positive and negative outcomes of these treatments? Although Chemotherapy does manage to kill most cancerous cell it also comes with some side-effects. For example nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, anemia, mouth sores, taste and smell changes, infection, diarrhea, menopause, and infertility. The side-effects of Radiation Therapy treatment are similar to the ones of Chemotherapy. A bone marrow may not be successful because of disease recurrence or regimen-related toxicity. Regimen-related toxicity refers to side effects that patients may experience during the course of transplantation. These side effects include graft-vs-host disease (GvHD), graft rejection, bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral infections, gastrointestinal and hepatic complications, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, and late effects after stem cell transplant. Although these treatments can help people with leukemia it can also kill them. It might kill cancerous cells but it also kills other good cells.

Chick Enhancer

Poultry-raising is one of the businesses that can be found here in the Philippines. It’s very simple and helpful, as chickens provide foods like chicken meat and eggs. It could also help in the agriculture area. Some people use supplemental feeds so that the chickens may grow fast. But now, we’re going to have a study to find a natural and better substitute, like Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) as additives in making supplemental feeds. Aloe vera is a succulent plant species that probably originated in northern Africa. The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from A. vera are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing, or soothing properties. There is, however, little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes, and what positive evidence is available is frequently contradicted by other studies. Aloe vera is one of the only known natural vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12, and it contains many minerals vital to the growth process and healthy function of all the body's systems. Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. In developing countries, moringa has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and support sustainable landcare. It may be used as forage for livestock, a micronutrient liquid, a natural anthelmintic and possible adjuvant. Supplemental Feeds, one of the cheapest and most useful ways to improve the growth of chickens. Statement of the Problem: This study aims to determine the effects of Aloe Vera and Malunggay as additive components in making supplemental feeds. The researchers would like to seek the answer to the problem â€Å"Can Aloe Vera and Malunggay extract be an alternative for growth and weight enhancer on chicks? † If so, what is/are the side effects of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) extract in: * Growth Skin Color * Other characteristics Hypothesis: Ho: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are not useful as additives in making supplemental feeds. Ha: Aloe Vera and Malunggay extracts are effective for using it as additive components in making supplemental feeds. Significance of the Study: There is an increase of demand of chicken today. Most of the restaurants in our country are using chicken for their specialty. As we all know chicken is one of the most common foods that we eat, and that is our reason of pursuing this project. We would like to help the poultry-raisers to raise chickens in a small period of time. If we succeeded with this project we can also help our economy to grow and make it more influential. This project is also against on non-organic raisers because we are not sure about the side effects of that chemical once we intake the chicken. We want to prove that even we are a student we can help in our own little way. The fact that Aloe Vera and Malunggay are highly available and cheaper, this will help people, especially in business industries. They can even do it on their own.

Administrative Thought and Ethics

The â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† tells about Plato’s idea of the reality of the human situation. In the Allegory, Plato envisioned human existence as like slaves chained together in a deep, dark cave dimly illuminated by a fire burning some distance behind and above them.They chained and fettered in such a way that they have no way to see what is behind them. The Analogy of the Cave tells us that the appearances of things around us and as we understands them, are merely shadows of reality. The realities of these things are inaccessible to us.2. According to Plato, what are the â€Å"Forms?† How does Plato’s doctrine of the formstie in with the Allegory of the Cave?The â€Å"Forms† for Plato is a unified theory of reality, knowledge, and value. In other words, the Forms are concepts or ideas which are eternal rather than physical things. Forms are the incorporeal, eternal entities which constitute the ultimate realities.Reality of things lies in the w orld of perfect world of Forms or Ideas, and physical things are merely shadows of reality.  Ã‚   Plato’s doctrine of form tie with the Allegory in the Cave in the context that both tells that the realities are intangible. What we see around us are merely shadows or imitation of the reality which are ideas or forms.  What does Aristotle say about Plato’s doctrine of the forms and account of the good?  Aristotle regarded Plato’s doctrine of form as old ideas. According to Aristotle, Plato separated ideas from the physical forms of things. Plato held that physical things are merely shadows of what is real; Aristotle says that it is the substance that makes things real, and the essence or the substance of material things do not exist separately form those things.Aristotle says that for anyone to be good, he must first be able to manage his own family well. That is, goodness is reflected by how individual play his or her role in the family. However, the highes t good according to Aristotle can be obtain if we chose to desire a particular objective and is not complicated by desires of everything merely to satisfy our cravings (Aristotle, p. 1)According to Aristotle, what are the â€Å"virtues of thought?† Which of these do we use in making decisions about politics and ethics?The virtues of thoughts according to Aristotle are reason and choice or desire. Aristotle explained that if is reasoning are true and desires are right, it results to an intellect that is true and practical. Of these two, we use choice or desires most in making decisions about politics and ethics because choice or desires directs efforts towards the good actions. In other words, those who have these virtues are men who are capable to make a choice and whose reasoning are true.What is the main point that James Scott is trying to get across in his book, Seeing Like a State?The main point that James Scott is trying to get across in his book is that the state as mos t powerful institution is the great architect of modernization of the society as well as its deterioration by designing a social life that would not be in conflict with progress.It features an authoritarian state which placed â€Å"a single planning authority rather multiple source of invention and change; in place plasticity and autonomy of existing life, was a fixed social order in which positions were designated† (Scott, p. 93). Scott emphasized that high modernism emphasis does not all brings blessings but it also greatly brings disgrace and destruction.  Briefly compare and contrast the following sets of opposing concepts:   Monism vs PluralismIn a nut shell, Pluralism stands for the distributive form of being while the monism for the collective form. Monism held that there is one right way of resolving value conflicts-either by appeal to some supreme value, or to some authoritative ordering value. Pluralism on the other hand refers to the subset of public values suc h as liberty, justice, equality, and community.  Rationalism vs. Anti-rationalismRationalism is concern about the good of the society whether religious or not. It seeks to make morality the sole agenda of life and it declares that must be guided by reason and regulated by science. Aside from being the opposite, Anti-rationalism believes that rational belief alone cannot produce either exciting or justifying reasons. This view held that moral truth cannot be derived an objective judgment of right and wrong.Purposive State vs. Civil AssociationPurposive state according to Michael Spicer is a political association â€Å"in which individuals recognize themselves as united or bound together for the joint pursuit of some coherent set of sustentative ends while civil association† (p. 15).Spicer explained that purposive state is a planned social order that is a â€Å"method of establishing order that consist in limiting freedom of things and men to stay or move about at their plea sure, by assigning to each a specific position in the prearranged plan† (Spicer, p. 15).Civil association on the other hand is â€Å"one in which men and women see themselves as essentially free to pursue their own particular interests and values. Civil associations according to Spicer â€Å"understands themselves as bound together by their recognition of their acknowledgment of certain rules of conduct† (Spicer, p. 21).Work CitedAristotle (Trans. Ross, W.D.) â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics† Book I (Happiness)Scott, J.C. â€Å"Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed† USA: Yale University PressSpicer, M. â€Å"Public Administration and the State: A Postmodern Perspective† USA: The University of Alabama

Google and Twitter On Their Way to Global Dominance

Google and Twitter On Their Way to Global Dominance With the recent and quite radical changes in the IT sphere, major companies specializing in providing the related services were forced to reconsider a range of their strategies and shift to new and improved techniques of expansion into the world market. Among such publicly traded organizations, Google, Inc and Twitter, Inc must be mentioned.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google and Twitter: On Their Way to Global Dominance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both companies seem to have embraced the changes, managed to admit their mistakes and considered the creation of mergers and acquisitions as a viable strategy to adopt. As a result, both companies are currently growing by acquiring less competitive firms and expanding into the world market. Indeed, a single look at Google’s policy will reveal its expansion plans: the organization has acquired BlackBerry, Boston Dynamics, Nest Labs, Inc. and Dropcam, and cre ated a range of mergers, including the one with Motorola Mobility. It is clear that Google is planning to grow further and exploring new opportunities by creating new mergers. Such an intense struggle for the dominance in the global market can be explained by the fact that Google has recently had to refuse from a range of ideas, which seemed quite promising a few years ago. As the recent announcement on Google explained, the company had to abandon a number of the projects that it used to view as promising several years ago; for example, Picasa, Google Docs and Orkut were shut down, since similar and more successful services were created by other companies (Siganos, 2013). As the representatives of the Google, Inc. explained, the services that were closed down had been created before new opportunities for communication and data exchange emerged; therefore, being ahead of its time, Google finally had to yield to more advanced companies. Consequently, to regain its status, the company had to conjure a different strategy. As a result, the idea of merging with the companies that have designed more advanced services appeared to be the solution.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Twitter, Inc., however, had other reasons for choosing the policy of mergers and acquisitions. It is remarkable that, unlike Google, which was initially targeted at providing a variety of services, twitter was designed solely as a social network from the very creation of its concept (Sprangler, 2013). Hence, the reasons for the leader of Twitter to adopt the strategy of mergers and acquisitions, shifting to the idea of corporate governance, have a different line of reasoning to be based on. Unlike Google, which does not seem to have very strong rivals except the apple, Inc., Twitter has to deal with a lot of competition, primarily, the rivalry with Facebook. Though each of the companies bases its philosophy on a unique concept and includes original options for its users to enjoy, both fall under the category of social networks and perform the same function, i.e., facilitate the process of users’ communication by transferring information from one user to another. Therefore, twitter clearly needed to revamp its reputation by growing larger and more influential, which resulted in a range of acquisitions and mergers with various companies, primarily, the ones dealing with analysis and advertisement. Though each of the organizations has its own reasons for choosing the strategy of mergers and acquisitions, both Twitter and Google seem to be going in the same direction. The results of these steps, however, are bound to be quite different as well. Reference List Siganos, A. (2013). Google attention and target price run ups. International Review of Financial Analysis, 29(3), 219–226. Sprangler, T. (2013). Twitter nets social-TV startup blue fin. Mu ltichannel News, 34(6), 22.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google and Twitter: On Their Way to Global Dominance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

The Bible Code essays

The Bible Code essays The Bible Code is a report of the discovery concerning certain codes hidden in the Bible that are able to foresee events. The code was first broken by an Israeli mathematician, Dr. Eliyahu Rips, and has been confirmed by famous mathematicians around the world. The three-thousand-year-old code foretells events that happened thousands of years after the Bible was written. It foresaw both Kennedy assassinations, the Oklahoma city bombing, the election of President Bill Clinton, everything from World War II to Watergate, from the Holocaust to Hiroshima, and from the Moon landing to the collision of a comet with Jupiter. In an extremely complicated procedure, Israeli Doctors Doron Witztum, Eliyahu Rips, and Yoav Rosenburg, were the first to search and analyze the Bible for secret codes that reveal the future by using equidistant letter sequences and statistical analysis. The Israeli researchers made careful examinations and developed a collection of hypothesis, a collections of maybes. Statistics provided the tools to test each and every one these maybes. A hypothesis in mathematics may be declared false by the presentation of a single example, which violates the hypothesis. The very first thing the researchers did when they started their investigations was to make observations. They grouped their observations and formulated a hypothesis. Then, they tested the hypothesis. For example, a very common idea in statistics is the concept of average. As a very simple proof we would declare false a value for an average height for people of 10 feet. We all know that an average height of 10 feet is definit ely not possible. Definitely, we can say that the concept of average participated in the analysis and conclusions when the Israeli researchers investigated the letter and word sequences they found in the Bible Code. Other statistical concepts that are easy to grasp a ...

Internal and External Environmental Analysis - Barnes and Nobles Essay

Internal and External Environmental Analysis - Barnes and Nobles - Essay Example Barnes and Nobles are the industry leader in the book industry. Being the market leader in any industry is considered a strength due to the fact that the market leader generates the most amounts of revenues. The firm has been very innovative throughout its history including becoming the first bookstore to advertise on television. At the turn of the 21st century, Barnes and Nobles realized that e-commerce was a major trend that affected everyone in the retail industry. The firm today is the internet’s largest bookstore with a product selection of over 1 million titles. Two years ago the company also became a leader in e-books with over 1 million e-books to choose from. The management of the firm is highly qualified and over the years they have made a lot of smart decisions that have helped the firm become the best in the industry. The product selection in both the e-books and printed books is beyond what any other company can provide. The dominance in the e-book marketplace was achieved through the 2009 acquisition of Fictionwise. The tremendous selection of books has helped the company retain a lot of customers because the firm can satisfy the customer’s reading needs. Another strength of the company is its branding value. The firm was able to capitalize on its ability to generate customer traffic by diversifying into other products. The firm offers its customers a selection of over 60,000 blue ray DVD titles. The firm’s music store was categorized as the best on the net by Forbes.... The firm has been very innovative throughout its history including becoming the first book store to advertise on television. At the turn of the 21st century Barnes and Nobles realized that ecommerce was a major trend that affected everyone in the retail industry. The firm today is the internet’s largest bookstore with a product selection of over 1 million titles. Two years ago the company also became leader in e-books with over 1 million e-books to choose from. The management of the firm is highly qualified and over the years they have made a lot of smart decisions that have helped the firm become the best in the industry. The product selection in both the e-books and printed books is beyond what any other company can provide. The dominance in the e-book marketplace was achieved through the 2009 acquisition of Fictionwise (Barnesandnoblesinc, 2011). The tremendous selection of books has helped the company retain a lot of customers because the firm can satisfy the customer†™s reading needs. Another strength of the company is its branding value. The firm was able to capitalize on its ability to generate customer traffic by diversifying into other products. The firm offers its customers a selection of over 60,000 blue ray DVD titles. The firm’s music store was categorized as the best on the net by Forbes (Barnesandnoble, 2011). The location of the firm’s bookstores is another strength the company has. Barnes and Nobles operates 705 retail bookstores strategically located in regional shopping malls, major strip centers and other freestanding location, and the firm also owns 636 college bookstore placed near major university campuses (Barnesandnobleinc, 2011). One of the strengths of the college book operation is

D3 Whistleblower Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

D3 Whistleblower - Essay Example These individuals may be in danger after the whistleblowing. The tort law aims to protect individuals against harm from unreasonable actions of other people (Lipman 2011). The law therefore protects the whistleblowers from being hurt legally by those they have blown the whistle against. Intentional tort law protects the whistleblower. Whistleblowers are protected by this tort law because even though their actions intentionally hurt those involved in the organization, they do so with an intention of ending the misconduct hence the action is justified and law offers protection (McBride and Bagshaw 2008). This law protects the special agent because even though the FBI’s integrity was questioned, the action will enable other intelligence organizations to be vigilant in future hence her action was justifiable in court. The Lloyd-La Follette Act is a congressional act that was passed as a way to protect civil servant whistleblowers against abusive or even unwarranted removal of the whistleblower for revealing misconduct or furnishing information. It also guarantees the rights of employees to reveal any inefficiency information about the institutions to the congress or authorized committees. All this is in a bid to improve the integrity of such institutions and organizations and protect their employees at the same